Sunday
Oct052025

How to replace fluorescent cabinet lighting with LED tubes

After years of putting up with flickering fluorescent lighting under my kitchen cabinets, the time had come to replace this ancient (nearly 100 years old), creaky and troublesome technology with LEDs.  The benefits are obvious – apart from saving energy, LEDs switch on almost immediately with no flashing or flickering, are mercury-free and virtually maintenance free as well.

[click to see]Under EU regulations (what else?) fluorescent tubes themselves are fast disappearing from sale after being prohibited from manufacture since 1st February 2024. Funnily enough, energy-saving compact fluorescents are no longer manufactured either. It’s still legal to sell off any existing stocks, but I found new tubes pricey, about £11 each. So now was a good time to look at upgrading.

My existing lighting uses old-school 15 Watt fluorescent tubes that are 438mm long (about 18”), rated 15 Watts. The two-pin connectors are known as G13 – 13mm apart. They measure ~26mm diameter (symbol ⌀) – which is ‘T8’ in old parlance ('T' for tubular). Tube diameters are specified in eighths of an inch, so T8 is 8/8ths or 1 inch, 25.4mm ⌀. (T5 is therefore 15mm ⌀, T11 is 35mm ).

(Interesting sidenote - small halogen directional spotlight bulbs were classed as 'MR' - multifaceted reflector, eg MR11 or MR16 (8ths of an inch) the same way, so 35mm or 50mm ⌀.)

How to replace fluorescent cabinet lighting with LED tubes

I found that it’s perfectly possibly to replace old ‘florries’ with LED tubes. There’s an awful lot of choice and confusing terminology, but if you have old-style tubes with a traditional ballast (usually a big metal fixture containing the necessary electrical circuitry that operates the tube), here’s how it can be done.

First, some LED light tube terminology:

The number of Lumens is a sign of how bright the light fitting is. In olden days we went by wattage. My existing tubes are 950 lumens, which is about as much as I’d really want.

Colour temperature is the degree of ‘warmth’ – you can choose a slightly yellower 'warmer' light or a colder, harsher, blue-white light.  It’s measured in ‘Kelvin’. I like warm white, which is about 3000K or less. Cool light looks harsher and about 3600K or more. Daylight is 5000K or higher.

Remember we’re talking about upgrading traditional fluorescent lighting here:

A ‘Ballast’ is the electrical circuit that kick-starts and drives a fluorescent tube. It’s usually in a metal box wired to the tube. The oldest types tend to hum a bit, and (annoyingly) the light may flicker a little. These are known as Electromagnetic Ballasts or EM for short.  (An electronic ballast has none of these problems – but they’re still driving an old-school fluorescent tube.)

A ‘starter’ is the little round cylinder or ‘ignition switch’ found on EM ballasts that helps with the process. They contain a bulb and bi-metallic strip, and they eventually wear out and need replacing. Electronic starters can be used instead – they’re more reliable and offer none of the lighting-up drama.

^ Starters for fluorescent tubes (traditional and electronic) [click to see]

The LEDVANCE tube and LED starter fitted [click to see]To upgrade those old fluorescent tubes, a range of direct-drop-in LED tubes is available, such as the LEDVANCE Superior ‘Glass’ type that I used. Mine are rated 5 Watts, 3000K (warm white), 810 Lumens (perfect!) and have a 5 Year warranty.  You must match the correct length (44cm in my case) in mm. and diameter (the ‘T’ number, T8 – 1” dia.)

If you shop around, these LED upgrades cost the same price as a replacement fluorescent (if you can even get them), but use 1/3rd of the electricity, and have instant ‘on’ with no flickering or noise.

Very importantly, note that a *special LED starter* (or dummy starter) is also supplied with them. They replace the old type which must not be used.

Dummy starters contain just a shorting wire or maybe a resistor. So you can simply swap the old tube and the starter, for a no-hassle upgrade.

[click to see]To removed the old light tube, spin it 90 degrees to align its pins with the exit slots, and the tube ends will slide outwards and away.  Then you must replace the starter with the new LED types. Rotate them in their sockets until they click and can be extracted.

The new tube is inserted just the same way, both ends into their slots, rotate the tube 90 degrees until the pins click into place and are connected.

Mine came with warning labels which I applied to the existing ballasts as a reminder. They powered on instantly. If yours don’t, double-check the starter is fully home and the tube is fully rotated into proper position.

REMEMBER: when upgrading legacy lighting that has a traditional electromagnetic ballast, choose carefully: look for an ‘EM’ MAINS LED tube & LED starter.

Mine were SKU 255051 sourced from www.any-tubes.co.uk which are in fact shipped from Eindhoven, Holland. Carriage is extra. (Sadly the UK courier DPD were terrible in my locality, but that’s another story.)

  • A wide range of LED tube lengths and diameters is available, and there are LED replacements with LED starters for Circline circle-shape tubes (with those 4-pin G10q connectors) too, made by Osram and LEDVANCE.

 

 

Monday
Mar032025

Net Work (1996 - 2025) goes full circle

After almost 29 years of uninterrupted publication, I'm now ready to stand back and take time off from Net Work, so the April 2025 column is sadly the final one in the regular series. The next occasional Net Work article appears in the September 2025 issue.

Click to read more ...

Wednesday
Feb262025

This operation has been cancelled due to restrictions on this computer.

One day, and without warning, my version of Microsoft OneNote 2007 popped up with an error message:
"This operation has been cancelled due to restrictions on this computer. Please contact your system administrator."
This happened whenever I clicked on a hyperlink. Normally my Firefox web browser would launch, but I started getting this error instead. It also happened with Microsoft Word documents, but not with certain other programs. After a huge amount of research, trial and error, and not wanting to re-install any software, the error was soon solved as I'll explain.

Click to read more ...

Sunday
Sep222024

Sanyo VPC-G210 digicam - PC connection

This article's about sorting out the Sanyo VPC-G210 Digicam PC Serial lead pinouts. Trying to download camera images direct to a PC, I found that a generic PC serial lead (DB9 to 2.5mm 'stereo' plug) I'd sourced online didn't work - the camera wouldn't communicate with my PC's COM1 serial port. I also run through the MGI PhotoSuite SE/ Sanyo PC software.

Click to read more ...

Monday
May272024

Remembering the S-Dec Solderless Breadboard

This is a celebration of the S-Dec and T-Dec solderless breadboards from the 1970s, the first of their kind in Britain. My hobbyist years will forever be indebted to them, so I trace some history and present some contemporary ads. and photos of them.

Click to read more ...

Tuesday
Apr302024

What are those diamond marks on steel tape measures

A selection of steel rulers designed for the UK andf US markets [click to see]Have you ever wondered what the strange diamond markings are that appear on steel flexible tape measures? They seem to be placed in an odd position, without explanation, somewhere near the 19” mark. Some tape measures have extra symbols placed at the 16” mark for some reason.

Most steel tape measures sold in the UK are made in China and are therefore sold on the USA market as well.

The diamond marks sometimes seen at 19.2”, 38.4” etc (i.e. every 19.2”) are for the UK market: in actual fact they enable tradesmen to accurately measure the centres of joists that will carry standard 8’ sheets of plywood, or maybe plasterboard.

Joists on 19.2" centres will carry an 8' board perfectly [click to see]Above I sketched how an 8’ sheet of ply will span six joists, if each one is centred every 19.2”. As five spaces measure 19.2” each, that totals up to 96” or 8’. (There are six telegraph poles, but only five 19.2" gaps, as my maths teacher might once have said.)

Something tells me metrication of modern materials has probably messed up this idea anyway.

My photo above shows a selection of steel tapes from my workshop. The centre one has a diamond at 19.2” for UK tradesmen, while some of them also carry black diamonds with numbers in a red box at [16]  [32]  [64]  [80]  etc – this is aimed at the US market instead, for measuring stud walls every 16”. Apparently the UK standard is 400mm centres instead, slightly different, so those marks are ignored. So now you know!

 

Sunday
Apr212024

Exploring Sanyo Digicam Multi Shot ‘movie clips’

I unearthed my early Sanyo VPC-G210 photos and discovered a few ‘multi shot’ photos taken at the time (1997-98), so I decided to see what I could make of them today. Each Sanyo multi shot image contains 16 sequential pictures, tiled 4x4 into a single 640 x 480 pixel JPEG. So each ‘frame’ is a mere 160 x 120 pixels and movie clips last 1.6 or 3.2 seconds. I've also been experimenting with manipulating them and making a serial lead to download onto a compatible Windows 98 PC.

Click to read more ...

Thursday
Apr182024

Sanyo VPC-G210 digicam – the start of something big

The Sanyo VPC-G210: it’s 1997 and the evolution of digital cameras continues unabated, as manufacturers try to cram more pixels into pictures to produce better quality images. Since the earliest LCD consumer camera first appeared, the 1995 ¼VGA Casio QV-10 that I describe elsewhere, digicams were jostling for position with film cameras and there’d be an insatiable demand for higher resolution, more memory, faster operation, improved battery life and more camera-like features and controls.

Click to read more ...

Friday
Mar292024

Celebrating the Casio QV-10 – the world’s first consumer digital camera with built-in LCD

‘What to do today?’ was one of my dad’s daily musings, and while pondering the same thing myself, I remembered that I’ve got a vintage digicam that I wanted to re-visit and explore. So this item is dedicated to the Casio QV-10, which nearly 30 years ago heralded a radical change in the way consumers would enjoy photography in the future.

Click to read more ...

Monday
Mar182024

Zenith Flashmatic - the first TV remote control

The Zenith Flashmatic was a flashlight-powered opto TV remote controlThe Flashmatic was the first TV set to offer a remote control, and it was operated using a raygun-like device that was basically a torch (flashlight).

Aiming it at one of the four corners of the TV would turn the set on or off, mute the sound (TV commercials were annoying even back then!), or it could change the channel - a photocell circuit operated a motor that turned the channel selector turret tuner clockwise or anti-clockwise, no doubt with a satisfying clunking and clattering sound.

It was a nuts valve (vacuum tube) design that was destined to fail, because it proved all too easy to trigger using false beams of light (eg sunlight or reflections). Next came sonic-operated TVs, that had a mini-chime bar type of remote control. Different frequencies triggered different functions on the TV. A 'clicker' type of remote device was also marketed.

The original Zenith Flashmatic circuit diagrams and manual (PDF 9MB) can be downloaded here.

  • A BBC news item in May 2012 reported the passing of the Flashmatic TV remote control inventor, Eugene Polley who died age 96. Learn more...